Yikhemikhali enophawu lwekhemikhali engu-Ni kunye nenombolo ye-atom engu-28. Yintsimbi ekhazimlayo eyisilivere emhlophe enophawu lwegolide kumbala wayo omhlophe oyisilivere.I-Nickel yintsimbi yenguqu, eqinile kunye ne-ductile.Umsebenzi wekhemikhali wenikeli esulungekileyo uphezulu kakhulu, kwaye lo msebenzi unokubonwa kwimeko yomgubo apho ummandla osebenzayo wenziwa mkhulu, kodwa isambuku sesinyithi se-nickel siphendula ngokucothayo nomoya ojikelezileyo ngenxa yokuba umaleko we-oxide okhuselayo wenzekile kumphezulu. .izinto.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yomsebenzi ophezulu ngokwaneleyo phakathi kwe-nickel kunye ne-oxygen, kusenzima ukufumana i-nickel yendalo yesinyithi phezu komhlaba.I-nickel yendalo kumphezulu womhlaba ivaleleke kwiimeteorite ezinkulu zenickel-iron, kuba iimeteorites azikwazi ukufikelela kwioksijini xa zisemajukujukwini.Emhlabeni, le nickel yendalo isoloko idityaniswe nentsimbi, ebonisa ukuba zezona mveliso ziphambili ze-supernova nucleosynthesis.Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba umbindi womhlaba wenziwe ngumxube we-nickel-iron.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nickel (i-alloy yendalo ye-nickel-iron) ibuyele emva kwe-3500 BC.U-Axel Frederick Kronstedt waba ngowokuqala ukwahlula i-nickel kwaye wayichaza njengento yekhemikhali ngo-1751, nangona ekuqaleni wayiphatha kakubi i-nickel ore yeminerali yobhedu.Igama langaphandle le-nickel livela kwi-goblin ekhohlakeleyo yegama elifanayo kwi-legend yabasebenzi basezimayini baseJamani (i-Nickel, efana negama lesidlaliso elithi "i-Old Nick" kumtyholi ngesiNgesi)..Umthombo wezoqoqosho kakhulu we-nickel yi-iron ore limonite, equkethe i-1-2% ye-nickel.Ezinye iiminerali ezibalulekileyo ze-nickel ziquka i-pentlandite kunye ne-pentlandite.Abavelisi abakhulu be-nickel baquka ingingqi ye-Soderbury e-Canada (ekholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba yi-meteorite impact crater), i-New Caledonia kulwandlekazi lwe-Pacific, kunye ne-Norilsk e-Russia.
Ngenxa yokuba i-nickel i-oxidize kancinane kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengenganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion.Ngenxa yoku, i-nickel ngokwembali ibisetyenziselwa ukucwenga imiphezulu eyahlukeneyo, efana neentsimbi (ezifana nentsimbi kunye nobhedu), ingaphakathi lezixhobo zeekhemikhali, kunye neealloys ezithile ezifuna ukugcina isilivere ecwebezelayo (njengesilivere yenickel) .Malunga ne-6% yemveliso yenickel yehlabathi isasetyenziselwa ukugqwala kwe-nickel ecocekileyo ekwaziyo ukumelana nokutyiwa.I-Nickel yayiye yaba yinto eqhelekileyo yeengqekembe, kodwa oku kuye kwathatyathelwa indawo yintsimbi eshibhile, kungekuko kuba abanye abantu banokulusulwa yi-nickel.Ngaphandle koku, iBritane yaqala ukwenza iingqekembe zemali kwi-nickel kwakhona ngo-2012, phezu kwezichaso zedermatologists.
I-Nickel yenye yezinto ezine kuphela ezine-ferromagnetic kubushushu begumbi.Iimagnethi ezisisigxina ezinenikelo zealnico zinamandla omagnetic phakathi kwalawo emagnethi ahlala enentsimbi kunye neemagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo.Ubume be-nickel kwihlabathi lanamhlanje ubukhulu becala ngenxa yee-alloys zayo ezahlukeneyo.Malunga ne-60% yemveliso ye-nickel yehlabathi isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo ze-nickel (ingakumbi insimbi engenasici).Ezinye ii-alloys eziqhelekileyo, kunye nezinye ii-superalloys ezintsha, zenza ingxelo malunga nayo yonke into eseleyo yokusetyenziswa kwe-nickel yehlabathi.Ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ukwenza iikhompawundi zibalelwa ngaphantsi kwe-3 pesenti yemveliso ye-nickel.Njengekhompawundi, i-nickel inosetyenziso oluthile oluthile kwimveliso yeekhemikhali, umzekelo njenge-catalyst ye-hydrogenation reactions.I-enzymes ye-microorganisms ethile kunye nezityalo zisebenzisa i-nickel njengendawo esebenzayo, ngoko i-nickel iyisondlo esibalulekileyo kubo.[1]