Yinto yekhemikhali enophawu lwekhemikhali uNi kunye nenombolo yeathomu 28. Yintsimbi emhlophe ekhazimlayo enesilivere enemibala yegolide kumbala wayo omhlophe wesilivere. I-Nickel yintsimbi yotshintsho, eqinileyo kwaye ithambile. Umsebenzi wekhemikhali we-nickel ecocekileyo uphezulu kakhulu, kwaye lo msebenzi unokubonwa kwimeko yepowder apho indawo yomphezulu esabelayo ikhuliswa kakhulu, kodwa isinyithi se-nickel esininzi siphendula kancinci nomoya ojikelezileyo kuba umaleko we-oxide ekhuselayo uye wenziwa phezu komhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yomsebenzi ophezulu ngokwaneleyo phakathi kwe-nickel ne-oxygen, kusenzima ukufumana i-nickel yendalo yesinyithi kumphezulu womhlaba. I-nickel yendalo kumphezulu womhlaba ivalelwe kwiimeteorite ezinkulu ze-nickel-iron, kuba iimeteorite azinakufikelela kwi-oxygen xa zisesithubeni. EMhlabeni, le nickel yendalo ihlala idityaniswe nesinyithi, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba zezona mveliso ziphambili ze-supernova nucleosynthesis. Ngokubanzi kukholelwa ukuba umbindi womhlaba wenziwe ngumxube we-nickel-iron.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nickel (i-alloy yendalo ye-nickel-iron) kwaqala kwiminyaka yoo-3500 BC. U-Axel Frederick Kronstedt wayengowokuqala ukwahlula i-nickel waza wayichaza njengento yekhemikhali ngo-1751, nangona ekuqaleni wayecinga ukuba i-nickel ore yiminerali yobhedu. Igama langaphandle le-nickel livela kwi-naughty goblin enegama elifanayo kwintsomi yabavukuzi baseJamani (i-Nickel, efana nesiteketiso esithi "Old Nick" sedevil ngesiNgesi). . Umthombo we-nickel ongabizi kakhulu yi-iron ore limonite, equka i-nickel eyi-1-2%. Ezinye izimbiwa ezibalulekileyo ze-nickel ziquka i-pentlandite kunye ne-pentlandite. Abavelisi abakhulu be-nickel baquka ummandla waseSoderbury eCanada (okholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba yi-meteorite impact crater), iNew Caledonia kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, kunye neNorilsk eRashiya.
Ngenxa yokuba i-nickel inyibilika kancinci kubushushu begumbi, idla ngokuthathwa njengengamelani nokugqwala. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-nickel ibisoloko isetyenziselwa ukugquma iindawo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana neentsimbi (ezifana nentsimbi nobhedu), ingaphakathi lezixhobo zeekhemikhali, kunye nee-alloys ezithile ezifuna ukugcina isiphelo sesilivere esikhazimlayo (ezifana nesilivere ye-nickel). Malunga ne-6% yemveliso ye-nickel yehlabathi isasetyenziselwa ukugquma i-nickel ecocekileyo engamelani nokugqwala. I-nickel yayiyeyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwiingqekembe, kodwa oku kuye kwathathelwa indawo yintsimbi engabizi kakhulu, ingakumbi kuba abanye abantu bane-allergies kulusu kwi-nickel. Nangona kunjalo, iBritane yaqala ukwenza iingqekembe kwi-nickel kwakhona ngo-2012, phezu kwenkcaso yoogqirha besikhumba.
I-Nickel yenye yezinto ezine kuphela ezi-ferromagnetic kubushushu begumbi. Iimagnethi ezisisigxina ze-alnico ezine-nickel zinamandla emagnethi phakathi kweemagnethi ezisisigxina ezine-iron kunye neemagnethi zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga. Isikhundla se-nickel kwihlabathi lanamhlanje sibangelwa kakhulu zii-alloys zayo ezahlukeneyo. Malunga ne-60% yemveliso ye-nickel yehlabathi isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo ze-nickel (ingakumbi intsimbi engagqwaliyo). Ezinye ii-alloys eziqhelekileyo, kunye nezinye ii-superalloys ezintsha, zibangela phantse yonke into eseleyo yokusetyenziswa kwe-nickel kwihlabathi liphela. Ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ukwenza ii-compounds kunika ngaphantsi kwe-3% yemveliso ye-nickel. Njenge-compound, i-nickel ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwiikhemikhali, umzekelo njenge-catalyst ye-hydrogenation reactions. Ii-enzymes ze-microorganisms ezithile kunye nezityalo zisebenzisa i-nickel njengendawo esebenzayo, ngoko ke i-nickel sisondlo esibalulekileyo kuzo. [1]