Yikhemikhali enophawu lwekhemikhali engu-Ni kunye nenombolo ye-atom engu-28. Yintsimbi ekhazimlayo eyisilivere emhlophe enophawu lwegolide kumbala wayo omhlophe oyisilivere. I-Nickel yintsimbi yenguqu, eqinile kunye ne-ductile. Umsebenzi weekhemikhali zenikeli esulungekileyo uphezulu kakhulu, kwaye lo msebenzi unokubonwa kwimeko yomgubo apho ummandla osebenzayo wenziwa mkhulu, kodwa isambuku sesinyithi senickel sisabela ngokucothayo ngomoya ojikelezileyo kuba umaleko we oxide ekhuselayo yakhekile phezu komhlaba. . izinto. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yomsebenzi ophezulu ngokwaneleyo phakathi kwe-nickel kunye ne-oxygen, kusenzima ukufumana i-nickel yendalo yesinyithi phezu komhlaba. I-nickel yendalo kumphezulu womhlaba ivaleleke kwiimeteorite ezinkulu zenickel-iron, kuba iimeteorites azikwazi ukufikelela kwioksijini xa zisemajukujukwini. Emhlabeni, le nickel yendalo isoloko idityaniswe nentsimbi, ebonisa ukuba zezona mveliso ziphambili ze-supernova nucleosynthesis. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba umbindi womhlaba wenziwe ngumxube we-nickel-iron.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nickel (i-alloy yendalo ye-nickel-iron) ibuyele emva kwe-3500 BC. U-Axel Frederick Kronstedt waba ngowokuqala ukwahlula i-nickel kwaye wayichaza njengento yekhemikhali ngo-1751, nangona ekuqaleni wayiphatha kakubi i-nickel ore yeminerali yobhedu. Igama langaphandle le-nickel livela kwi-goblin ekhohlakeleyo yegama elifanayo kwi-legend yabasebenzi basezimayini baseJamani (i-Nickel, efana negama lesidlaliso elithi "i-Old Nick" kumtyholi ngesiNgesi). . Umthombo wezoqoqosho kakhulu we-nickel yi-iron ore limonite, equkethe i-1-2% ye-nickel. Ezinye iiminerali ezibalulekileyo ze-nickel ziquka i-pentlandite kunye ne-pentlandite. Abavelisi abakhulu be-nickel baquka ingingqi ye-Soderbury e-Canada (ekholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba yi-meteorite impact crater), i-New Caledonia kulwandlekazi lwe-Pacific, kunye ne-Norilsk e-Russia.
Ngenxa yokuba i-nickel i-oxidize kancinane kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengenganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion. Ngenxa yoku, i-nickel ngokwembali ibisetyenziselwa ukucwenga imiphezulu eyahlukeneyo, efana neentsimbi (ezifana nentsimbi kunye nobhedu), ingaphakathi lezixhobo zeekhemikhali, kunye neealloys ezithile ezifuna ukugcina isilivere ecwebezelayo (njengesilivere yenickel) . Malunga ne-6% yemveliso yenickel yehlabathi isasetyenziselwa ukugqwala kwe-nickel ecocekileyo ekwaziyo ukumelana nokutyiwa. I-Nickel yayiye yaba yinto eqhelekileyo yeengqekembe, kodwa oku kuye kwathatyathelwa indawo yintsimbi eshibhile, kungekuko kuba abanye abantu banokulusulwa yi-nickel. Ngaphandle koku, iBritane yaqala ukwenza iingqekembe zemali kwi-nickel kwakhona ngo-2012, phezu kwezichaso zedermatologists.
I-Nickel yenye yezinto ezine kuphela ezine-ferromagnetic kubushushu begumbi. Iimagnethi ezisisigxina ezinenikelo zealnico zinamandla omagnetic phakathi kwalawo emagnethi ahlala enentsimbi kunye neemagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Ubume be-nickel kwihlabathi lanamhlanje ubukhulu becala ngenxa yee-alloys zayo ezahlukeneyo. Malunga ne-60% yemveliso ye-nickel yehlabathi isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo ze-nickel (ingakumbi insimbi engenasici). Ezinye ii-alloys eziqhelekileyo, kunye nezinye ii-superalloys ezintsha, zenza ingxelo malunga nayo yonke into eseleyo yokusetyenziswa kwe-nickel yehlabathi. Ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ukwenza iikhompawundi zibalelwa ngaphantsi kwe-3 pesenti yemveliso ye-nickel. Njengekhompawundi, i-nickel inosetyenziso oluthile oluthile kwimveliso yeekhemikhali, umzekelo njenge-catalyst ye-hydrogenation reactions. I-enzymes ye-microorganisms ethile kunye nezityalo zisebenzisa i-nickel njengendawo esebenzayo, ngoko i-nickel iyisondlo esibalulekileyo kubo. [1]