I-Alloy ngumxube wezinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zekhemikhali (ubuncinci kwindawo yentsimbi) ngeepropathi zentsimbi. Ifunyenwe ngokubanzi ngokubulala icandelo ngalinye kulwelo olulinganayo kwaye emva koko iqhubekisile.
I-alloys inokuba ubuncinci zinye kwezi ntlobo zintathu zilandelayo: Isisombululo esinye esiqinileyo sezinto, umxube wezigaba ezininzi zentsimbi, okanye i-intermetallic yeqhinga. ULWAZI LWE-LALSTYS kwisisombululo esomeleleyo linenqanaba elinye, kwaye ezinye izabelo zesisombululo zinezigaba ezibini okanye ezingaphezulu. Ukuhanjiswa kunokuba yinto efanayo okanye akunjalo, kuxhomekeke kubushushu obuguqukayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa. Imigaqo ye-intermetallic ngokwesiqhelo iqulethe i-alloy okanye i-nyibili ecocekileyo ejikelezwe ngenye intsimbi ecocekileyo.
I-alloys isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezithile ngenxa yokuba zinepropathi engcono kunezo zinto zicocekileyo zentsimbi. Imizekelo ye-alloys ibandakanya intsimbi, igosa, ubhedu, ipewinti, i-phosphor bronze, i-phosmor, i-Amilgam, kunye ne-verning.
Ukuqulunqwa kwe-alloy kubalulekile ngokubanzi kumlinganiso omkhulu. I-alloys inokwahlulwa yangama-labelo ethengiweyo okanye i-interstitial ye-Altitional ngokwe-Atomic yahlulwa-moya, kwaye inokwahlulwa njengezigaba ze-homogeneous (iSigaba esinye kuphela) kunye ne-intermettic complet (akukho mahluko ngokucacileyo). imida). [2]
Amagqabantshintshi
Ukusekwa kwama-alloys kuhlala kutshintsha iipropathi zezinto ezibalulekileyo, umzekelo, amandla entsimbi inkulu kuneyona nto iphambili kuyo, i-iron. Ipropathi yomzimba ye-alloy, enjengokuxinana, ukuphinda kwenzeke, ukwenziwa kombane, kungafana nezinto ezibonakalayo ze-alloy, kodwa amandla e-shear ahlala ehambelana nepropathi yezinto ezibonakalayo. yahluke kakhulu. Kungenxa yento yokuba ulungiselelo lweeatom kwi-alloy lwahluke kakhulu kuloo nto inye. Umzekelo, indawo yokunyibilika ye-alloy iphantsi kunendawo yokunyibilika kwezinyithi ezenza i-Alloty kuba i-atomic radii yeentsimbi ezahlukeneyo zahlukile, kwaye kunzima ukwenza i-crystal yeentsimbi ezizinzileyo.
Inani elincinci lezinto ezithile linokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwipropathi ye-alloy. Umzekelo, ukungcola kwi-ferromagnetic alloys kunokutshintsha iipropathi ze-alloy.
Ngokungafaniyo neentsimbi ezicocekileyo, uninzi lwamafutha alunandawo yokunyibilika. Xa iqondo lobushushu likuluhlu lobushushu lokunyibilika, umxube ukwimeko yokuqina okuqinileyo kunye nolwelo. Ke ngoko, kunokutshiwo ukuba indawo yokunyibilika ye-alloy iphantsi kuneso sezinyithi ezithile. Jonga umxube we-Exectic.
Phakathi kwe-alloys eqhelekileyo, ubhedu luyi-alfay yobhedu kunye ne-zinc; I-Bronze yi-Alloty ye-tin kunye nobhedu, kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo, izihombo, kunye neentsimbi zecawa. I-alloys (ezinje nge-neckel alloys) isetyenziswa kwimali yamanye amazwe.
I-Alloy sisisombululo, njengentsimbi, intsimbi sisinyibilikisi, ikharbon sisinyibilikisi.