Abaphandi kwi-US Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory banembali ende yokufumanisa izinto ezintsha kwicandelo leebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Uninzi lwezi ziphumo zeze-cathode yebhetri, ebizwa ngokuba yi-NMC, i-nickel manganese kunye ne-cobalt oxide. Ibhetri enale cathode ngoku inika amandla iChevrolet Bolt.
Abaphandi baseArgonne baphumelele kwenye inkqubela phambili kwii-cathodes ze-NMC. Ulwakhiwo olutsha lweqela le-cathode particles lunokwenza ibhetri ihlale ixesha elide kwaye ikhuseleke ngakumbi, ikwazi ukusebenza kwiivolthi eziphezulu kakhulu kwaye ibonelele ngokuhamba okude.
“Ngoku sinesikhokelo esinokusetyenziswa ngabavelisi beebhetri ukwenza izixhobo ze-cathode ezingenamda nezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu,” utshilo uKhalil Amin, u-Argonne Fellow Emeritus.
“Ii-cathode ze-NMC ezikhoyo zingumqobo omkhulu kumsebenzi we-voltage ephezulu,” utshilo umncedisi wekhemistri uGuiliang Xu. Ngokutshintshatshintsha kwe-charge-discharge, ukusebenza kuyehla ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-cracks kwi-cathode particles. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, abaphandi bebhetri bebekhangela iindlela zokulungisa ezi cracks.
Enye indlela ngaphambili yayisebenzisa amasuntswana amancinci angqukuva akhiwe ngamasuntswana amaninzi amancinci kakhulu. Amasuntswana amakhulu angqukuva ayi-polycrystalline, aneendawo zekristale ezikwiindlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, anento izazinzulu eziyibiza ngokuba yimida yeenkozo phakathi kwamasuntswana, enokubangela ukuba ibhetri iqhekeke ngexesha lomjikelo. Ukuthintela oku, oogxa bakaXu no-Argonne babesele beyile i-polymer coating ekhuselayo ejikeleze isuntswana ngalinye. Le coating ijikeleze amasuntswana amakhulu angqukuva kunye namasuntswana amancinci ngaphakathi kwawo.
Enye indlela yokuphepha olu hlobo lokuqhekeka kukusebenzisa amasuntswana ekristale enye. I-electron microscopy yala masuntswana ibonise ukuba ayinamida.
Ingxaki yeqela yayikukuba ii-cathodes ezenziwe ngee-polycrystals ezigqunywe nge-coated kunye neekristale ezi-single crystals zisaqhekeka ngexesha lokujikeleza. Ngenxa yoko, benze uhlalutyo olubanzi lwezi zinto ze-cathode kwi-Advanced Photon Source (APS) kunye ne-Center for Nanomaterials (CNM) kwi-Argonne Science Center yeSebe le-US le-Energy.
Uhlalutyo olwahlukeneyo lwe-x-reyi lwenziwe kwiingalo ezintlanu ze-APS (11-BM, 20-BM, 2-ID-D, 11-ID-C kunye ne-34-ID-E). Kuvele ukuba oko izazinzulu zazicinga ukuba yikristale enye, njengoko kuboniswe yi-electron kunye ne-X-ray microscopy, eneneni yayinomda ngaphakathi. Ukuskena kunye ne-transmission electron microscopy ye-CNMs kuqinisekisile esi sigqibo.
“Xa sijonga indlela ezibukeka ngayo ezi ngqalutye, zazifana neekristale ezizimeleyo,” utshilo isazinzulu sefiziksi uWenjun Liu. “<“但是，当我們在APS 使用一种称為同步加速器X射线衍射显微镜的技术和其他技术时，我們发现边界隐藏在内部。” “ <“但是 , 当 在 使用 使用种 称為同步 加速器 x 射线 显微镜的 技术 和其他时时 ， 我们在."“Nangona kunjalo, xa sisebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-synchrotron X-ray diffraction microscopy kunye nezinye iindlela kwi-APS, safumanisa ukuba imida yayifihliwe ngaphakathi.”
Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iqela liphuhlise indlela yokuvelisa iikristale ezingatshatanga ngaphandle kwemida. Ukuvavanya iiseli ezincinci ngale cathode yekristale enye kwiivolthi eziphezulu kakhulu kubonise ukonyuka kwama-25% kugcino lwamandla ngevolumu yeyunithi nganye ngaphandle kokulahleka kokusebenza kwimijikelo yovavanyo eli-100. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ii-cathode ze-NMC ezenziwe ziikristale ezi-single ezine-interface eninzi okanye iipolycrystals ezigqunywe nge-coated zibonise ukwehla komthamo we-60% ukuya kwi-88% kwixesha elifanayo lobomi.
Ubalo lwesikali seathom lubonisa indlela yokunciphisa amandla e-cathode. Ngokutsho kukaMaria Chang, isazinzulu se-nanoscientist kwi-CNM, imida inokwenzeka ukuba ilahlekelwe ziiathom zeoksijini xa ibhetri itshajiwe kuneendawo ezikude nazo. Oku kulahleka kweoksijini kukhokelela ekuwohlokeni komjikelo weseli.
“Ubalo lwethu lubonisa indlela umda onokubangela ngayo ukuba ioksijini ikhutshwe xa uxinzelelo luphezulu, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba ukusebenza kwayo kunciphe,” utshilo uChan.
Ukususa umda kuthintela ukuguquka kweoksijini, ngaloo ndlela kuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kwe-cathode. Ukulinganiswa kokuguquka kweoksijini nge-APS kunye nomthombo wokukhanya ophucukileyo kwiLabhoratri yeSizwe yeSebe laMandla lase-US iLawrence Berkeley kuqinisekisa esi sigqibo.
“Ngoku sinezikhokelo ezingasetyenziswa ngabavelisi beebhetri ukwenza izinto ze-cathode ezingenamida kwaye zisebenza ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu,” utshilo uKhalil Amin, u-Argonne Fellow Emeritus. â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料。” â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料。”"Izikhokelo mazisetyenziswe kwizinto ze-cathode ngaphandle kwe-NMC."
Inqaku malunga nolu phononongo livele kwijenali yeNdalo yaMandla. Ukongeza kuXu, Amin, Liu kunye noChang, ababhali beArgonne nguXiang Liu, Venkata Surya Chaitanya Kolluru, Chen Zhao, Xinwei Zhou, Yuzi Liu, Liang Ying, Amin Daali, Yang Ren, Wenqian Xu , Junjing Deng, Inhui Hwang, Taonghai Zhou, Chengjun, Taong Zhou, M. Izazinzulu ezivela kwiLabhoratri yeSizwe yaseLawrence Berkeley (Wanli Yang, Qingtian Li, noZengqing Zhuo), iYunivesithi yaseXiamen (Jing-Jing Fan, Ling Huang kunye neShi-Gang Sun) kunye neYunivesithi yaseTsinghua (iDongsheng Ren, iXuning Feng kunye neMingao Ouyang).
Malunga neArgonne Center for Nanomaterials IZiko leNanomaterials, elinye lamaziko ophando lwe-nanotechnology eSebe le-US laMandla amahlanu, liziko eliphambili lesizwe elisebenzisa uphando lwe-nanoscale oludibanisa izifundo ezahlukeneyo oluxhaswa yi-Ofisi yeSayensi yeSebe le-US laMandla. Xa zizonke, ii-NSRC zenza uluhlu lwezixhobo ezincedisayo ezibonelela abaphandi ngezakhono zanamhlanje zokwenza, ukucubungula, ukuchaza, kunye nokwenza imodeli yezixhobo ze-nanoscale kwaye zimele utyalo-mali olukhulu lweziseko ezingundoqo phantsi kweNational Nanotechnology Initiative. I-NSRC ikwi-US Department of Energy National Laboratories e-Argonne, eBrookhaven, eLawrence Berkeley, e-Oak Ridge, eSandia, naseLos Alamos. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga ne-NSRC DOE, ndwendwela i-https://science.osti.gov/Us er-Fac​i ...
I-Advanced Photon Source (APS) yeSebe laseMelika lezaMandla kwiArgonne National Laboratory yenye yezona mithombo ze-X-ray zivelisa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. I-APS ibonelela ngee-X-ray ezinamandla kakhulu kuluntu oluhlukeneyo lophando kwisayensi yezinto, ikhemistri, i-condensed matter physics, isayensi yobomi kunye nokusingqongileyo, kunye nophando olusetyenzisiweyo. Ezi X-ray zilungele ukufunda izixhobo kunye nezakhiwo zebhayoloji, ukusasazwa kwezinto, imeko yeekhemikhali, imagnethi kunye ne-elektroniki, kunye neenkqubo zobunjineli ezibalulekileyo zobugcisa zazo zonke iintlobo, ukusuka kwiibhetri ukuya kwi-fuel injector nozzles, ezibalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwethu lwesizwe, itekhnoloji kunye nesiseko sempilo yomzimba. Unyaka ngamnye, abaphandi abangaphezu kwama-5,000 basebenzisa ii-APS ukupapasha iimpapasho ezingaphezu kwama-2,000 ezichaza izinto ezibalulekileyo kunye nokusombulula izakhiwo zeprotheyini yebhayoloji ezibaluleke ngakumbi kunabasebenzisi balo naliphi na elinye iziko lophando lwe-X-ray. Izazinzulu kunye neenjineli ze-APS zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha obusisiseko sokuphucula ukusebenza kwee-accelerators kunye nemithombo yokukhanya. Oku kuquka izixhobo zokufaka ezivelisa ii-X-ray ezikhazimlayo kakhulu ezixatyiswa ngabaphandi, iilensi ezigxila ii-X-ray ukuya kwii-nanometers ezimbalwa, izixhobo ezenza ngcono indlela ii-X-ray ezisebenzisana ngayo nesampulu efundwayo, kunye nokuqokelelwa nokulawulwa kwezinto ezifunyenweyo ze-APS. Uphando luvelisa ulwazi oluninzi.
Olu phononongo lusebenzise izixhobo ezivela kwi-Advanced Photon Source, i-US Department of Energy Office of Science User Center eqhutywa yi-Argonne National Laboratory ye-US Department of Energy Office of Science phantsi kwesivumelwano senombolo DE-AC02-06CH11357.
I-Argonne National Laboratory izama ukusombulula iingxaki ezingxamisekileyo zesayensi netekhnoloji yasekhaya. Njengelebhu yokuqala yesizwe eMelika, i-Argonne yenza uphando oluphambili nolusetyenziswayo phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zesayensi. Abaphandi base-Argonne basebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nabaphandi abavela kumakhulu eenkampani, iiyunivesithi, kunye neearhente zikarhulumente, zelizwe, kunye nezomasipala ukubanceda basombulule iingxaki ezithile, baqhubele phambili ubunkokeli besayensi base-US, kwaye balungiselele isizwe ikamva elingcono. I-Argonne iqesha abasebenzi abavela kumazwe angaphezu kwama-60 kwaye iqhutywa yi-UChicago Argonne, LLC ye-Ofisi yeSayensi yeSebe leMandla lase-US.
IOfisi yeSayensi yeSebe lezaMandla laseMelika yeyona ixhasa uphando olusisiseko kwisayensi yezinto eziphilayo kweli lizwe, isebenzela ukujongana neminye yemiba ebalulekileyo yexesha lethu. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya, ndwendwela i-https://energy.gov/scienceience.