Intambo ene-enameled yeyona nto iphambili yesixhobo sombane, izixhobo zombane kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya. Ngokukodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imboni yamandla ombane iphumelele ukukhula okuzinzileyo kunye nokukhawuleza, kwaye uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezixhobo zekhaya luzise intsimi ebanzi yokusetyenziswa kocingo olunamele, olulandelwa ziimfuno eziphezulu zocingo lwe-enameled. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, akunakuphepheka ukulungelelanisa isakhiwo semveliso yocingo lwe-enameled, kunye nezinto eziluhlaza (ubhedu kunye ne-lacquer), inkqubo ye-enameled, izixhobo zenkqubo kunye neendlela zokufumanisa nazo zifuna uphuhliso oluphuthumayo kunye nophando [1].
Okwangoku, kukho abavelisi abangaphezu kwe-1000 be-enameled wire e-China, kwaye umthamo wonyaka wemveliso udlule iitoni ezingama-250000 ~ 300000. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, imeko yocingo lwe-enameled yaseTshayina kukuphindaphinda okuphantsi, ukuthetha ngokubanzi, "imveliso ephezulu, ibakala eliphantsi, izixhobo ezibuyela ngasemva". Kule meko, iingcingo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinameleli zezixhobo zekhaya kusafuneka zingeniswe kumazwe angaphandle, singasathethi ke ngokuthatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano lweemarike zamazwe ngamazwe. Ke ngoko, kufuneka siziphindaphinde kabini iinzame zethu zokutshintsha imeko ekhoyo, ukuze ubuchwephesha bocingo obunameleli baseTshayina bukwazi ukuhambisana nemfuno yemarike, kwaye bukhuphisane kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe.

Ukuphuhliswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo
1) I-acetal enameled wire
I-acetal enamelled wire yenye yeendidi zokuqala emhlabeni. Yafakwa emarikeni yiJamani neUnited States ngowe-1930. ISoviet Union nayo yakhula ngokukhawuleza. Kukho iindidi ezimbini zepolyvinyl esemthethweni kunye ne-polyvinyl acetal. I-China nayo yazifunda ngempumelelo ngeminyaka yoo-1960. Nangona inqanaba lokumelana nobushushu bocingo olunamelelisiweyo lisezantsi (105 ° C, 120 ° C), lisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-oyile entywiliselwe isiguquli ngenxa yokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu be-hydrolysis. Olu phawu luye lwaphawulwa ngawo onke amazwe ehlabathi. Okwangoku, kusekho inani elincinci lemveliso e-China, ngakumbi i-acetal enameled wire flat isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-transposed conductor ye-transformer enkulu [1].
2) I-polyester yocingo lwe-enameled
Embindini we-1950, iNtshona yaseJamani yaqala ukuphuhlisa ipeyinti ye-polyester enameled yocingo esekelwe kwi-dimethyl terephthalate. Ngenxa yokumelana nobushushu obulungileyo kunye namandla omatshini, uluhlu olubanzi lwenkqubo yokwenza ipeyinti kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, ibe yeyona mveliso iphambili elawula imarike yocingo ene-enameled ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1950. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunganyangeki koxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye nokulula kwe-hydrolysis phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye neemeko zokufuma okuphezulu, ucingo lwe-polyester enameled njenge-coating enye aluzange luveliswe eNtshona Jamani nase-United States ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1970, kodwa lusaveliswa kwaye lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Izixa eJapan, eTshayina nakuMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Izibalo ze-1986 zibonisa ukuba imveliso ye-polyester ene-enameled wire e-China yenza i-96.4% yemveliso epheleleyo. Emva kweminyaka eyi-10 yemizamo, iindidi ze-enameled wire ziye zaphuhliswa, kodwa kukho umsantsa omkhulu xa kuthelekiswa namazwe aphuhlileyo .
Mninzi umsebenzi owenziwe ukuguqulwa kwepolyester e-China, kubandakanywa ukuguqulwa kwe-THEIC kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-imine. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yohlengahlengiso olucothayo lwesakhiwo socingo olwenziwe nge-enameled, ukuveliswa kwezi ntlobo zimbini zepeyinti kusencinci. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuhla kwe-voltage ye-polyester ene-enameled wire elungisiweyo kusafuna ukuhoywa.
3) I-polyurethane yocingo lwe-enameled
Ipeyinti ye-polyurethane enamelled yocingo yaphuhliswa yi-Bayer ngo-1937. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimimandla yombane kunye nezixhobo zombane ngenxa yokuthengiswa kwayo ngokuthe ngqo, ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kunye nokudaya. Okwangoku, amazwe angaphandle anika ingqwalasela enkulu ekuphuculeni ibakala lokumelana nobushushu be-polyurethane enameled ucingo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwayo ngokuthe ngqo. EYurophu, eUnited States, iJapan iphuhlise i-F-class, i-H-class polyurethane ucingo olunamele. Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweeseti zemibala yeTV, ucingo olune-polyurethane enameled olunobude obukhulu betyuwa obungenamngxunya we-TV ye-FBT yombala ophuhliswe yiJapan iye yatsala umdla kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathi, kwaye isengaphambili kweJapan.
Ukuphuhliswa kocingo lwe-polyurethane enameled yasekhaya lucotha. Nangona ipeyinti eqhelekileyo ye-polyurethane iveliswa zezinye iifektri, ngenxa yokungaqhubeki kakuhle, umgangatho womphezulu kunye nezinye iingxaki, ipeyinti ithengwa kakhulu kumazwe angaphandle. I-polyurethane yeBanga F iye yaphuhliswa e-China, kodwa akukho mveliso yemveliso yenziweyo. Ipeyinti yobude obukhulu yepinhole yepolyurethane iye yaphuhliswa ngempumelelo kwaye yafakwa kwimarike, ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukwenza ikhoyili yeFBT yeTV emnyama namhlophe.
4) I-Polyesterimide yocingo lwe-enameled
Ngenxa yokuphuculwa kokumelana nobushushu ngokuguqulwa kwe-polyesterimide, inani le-polyesterimide yocingo lwe-enameled ehlabathini liye landa ngokukhawuleza ukususela ngo-1970. EYurophu naseMelika, ucingo olunameleli luthathe indawo yocingo olunamelelo olulodwa lwepolyester. Okwangoku, iimveliso ezimele kwihlabathi ziyimveliso ye-terebe FH evela eJamani kunye neemveliso ze-isomid ezivela eUnited States. Kwangaxeshanye, siye savelisa i-polyesterimide enameled yocingo oluthe ngqo, oluye lwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengokujika kwemoto encinci, ukwenza lula inkqubo yokuwelda kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokwenziwa kwemoto. Amanye amaJapan asebenzisa ipeyinti ethe ngqo yepolesterimide ethengiswayo njengeprimer yocingo oluncamathelayo olunameleliyo lwekhoyili ejikisayo yeTV, eyenza lula inkqubo. Ipeyinti yasekhaya ye-polyesterimide yazisa iteknoloji yokuvelisa evela eJamani nase-Itali, kwaye iye yaphuhliswa ngempumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokungazinzi kwemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nezinye izizathu, inani elikhulu lepeyinti yasekhaya ye-polyesterimide esetyenziswa njenge-refrigerant resistant composite wire primer enameled wire primer isaxhomekeke ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe. Inani elincinane kuphela le-polyesterimide yokugqoka i-enameled iingcingo ezifakwe ngepeyinti yasekhaya, kodwa ukungazinzi kombane kuseyinkxalabo yabavelisi. Ipeyinti ethe ngqo ye-polyesterimide ethengiswayo iphuhliswe ngempumelelo yiCable Research Institute.
5) I-Polyimide yocingo lwe-enameled
I-Polyimide yeyona peyinti ye-enameled ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu phakathi kweengcingo ze-organic enameled okwangoku, kwaye izinga lokushisa lenkonzo yexesha elide linokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-220 ° C. Ipeyinti yaphuhliswa yi-United States ngo-1958. , ukuchasana kakuhle kwe-solvent kunye nokumelana nefriji. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu, ukuzinza okungahambi kakuhle kunye netyhefu, ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi kuchaphazeleka. Okwangoku, i-enameled wire isetyenziswa kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, ezifana ne-motor yamalahle, isixhobo sendawo kunye nokunye.
6) I-Polyamide imide ipeyinti
Ipeyinti ye-Polyamide imide luhlobo lwepeyinti ye-enameled yocingo kunye nokusebenza okungathathi hlangothi, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, iipropathi zomatshini, ukuxhathisa kwefriji kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali, ngoko inodumo lokumkani wepeyinti yocingo olunamele. Okwangoku, ipeyinti isetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala kwiimpawu zayo ezizodwa, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-topcoat ye-composite coating coating wire enameled ukuphucula ukuxhathisa ukushisa kwe-composite wire kunye nokunciphisa iindleko. Okwangoku, isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukugqoka i-frost resistant wire enameled e-China, kwaye inani elincinci lale peyinti iveliswa e-China, ethunyelwa kakhulu e-United States, e-Italy naseJamani.
7) I-composite yokwambathisa ucingo olunamele
Umaleko wokugquma we-composite usetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuphucula umgangatho wokumelana nobushushu kunye nokuphuhlisa injongo ekhethekileyo yocingo olunameled. Xa kuthelekiswa nocingo olunameleli olunokwaleka olunye, oludityanisiweyo luneenzuzo ezilandelayo: (1) lunokufikelela kwiimfuno ezikhethekileyo zesicelo, ezinjengocingo oluncamathelayo olunameleli olunolwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo, olunokumelana nocingo olunameleli lwefriji kunye necompressor yomoya. , njl., enokuthi idityaniswe ngesakhiwo esidibeneyo sokugquma; (2) inokuphucula kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kwenkonzo ngokudityaniswa komgangatho ohlukeneyo wokugquma ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesicelo, Umzekelo, ipolyester / inayiloni edityanisiweyo yokwambathisa ngocingo olunameleli luphucula ukusebenza komothuko olushushu kunye nokusebenza kokujija, olulungele inkqubo yokudipha eshushu. , kwaye ingasetyenziselwa i-motor windings ngokugqithiswa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokugqithiswa; (3) inokunciphisa iindleko zezinye iingcingo ezenziwe nge-enameled, ezifana ne-polyester imide kunye ne-polyamide imide yokwambathisa ngocingo olunameleli oluthatha indawo yocingo olunye lwe-polyamide imide, olunokunciphisa kakhulu ixabiso.

ukuhlelwa
1.1 ngokwezinto zokugquma
1.1.1 i-acetal enameled wire
1.1.2 i-polyester yepeyinti yocingo lokusonga
1.1.3 i-polyurethane yokwambathisa ucingo
1.1.4 i-polyester elungisiweyo yocingo lokusonga ngepeyinti
1.1.5 i-polyester imimide yocingo olunamele
1.1.6 i-polyester / i-polyamide imide i-enameled wire
1.1.7 i-polyimide yocingo olunamele
1.2 ngokwenjongo yocingo olunameleli
1.2.1 injongo jikelele yocingo olunamelelisiweyo (umgca oqhelekileyo): lusetyenziselwa ikakhulu iingcingo zokujija kwiinjini eziqhelekileyo, izixhobo zombane, izixhobo, iziguquli kunye nezinye izihlandlo zokusebenza, ezifana nocingo lokusonga ngepeyinti yepolyester kunye nomgca wokusonga wepeyinti yepolyester elungisiweyo.
1.2.2 Umgca wokugquma okwazi ukumelana nobushushu: iingcingo ezijikajikayo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimoto, izixhobo zombane, izixhobo, iziguquli kunye nezinye izihlandlo zokusebenza, ezifana nepolyester imimide yokwambatha ngocingo, i-polyimide yocingo yokugquma, i-polyester yepeyinti yokwambatha umgca, i-polyester imimide / i-polyamide imide i-composite coating line. .
1.2.3 Injongo ekhethekileyo yocingo olunamelelisiweyo: lubhekiselele kucingo olujikajikayo oluneempawu ezithile zomgangatho kwaye lusetyenziswe kumathuba athile, njengocingo lokusonga ngepeyinti yepolyurethane (ipropathi yokuwelda ngokuthe ngqo), ucingo lokusonga ngepeyinti encamathelayo.
1.3 ngokwezinto zomqhubi, ihlulwe ibe yintsimbi yobhedu, i-aluminium wire kunye ne-alloy wire.
1.4 ngokwemilo yezinto eziphathekayo, ihlulwe ibe ngumgca ojikelezayo, umgca osicaba kunye nomgca ongenanto.
1.5 ngokobukhulu bokufakelwa
1.5.1 umgca ojikelezayo: obhityileyo Ifilimu-1, ifilimu engqingqwa-2, ifilimu ejiyileyo-3 (umgangatho wesizwe).
1.5.2 umgca osicaba: ipeyinti eqhelekileyo Ifilimu-1, ifilimu yepeyinti ejiyileyo-2.
Umgca wotywala
Ucingo (umzekelo, isitshixo) oluzincamathelisa ngokwalo phantsi kwesenzo sotywala
Umgca womoya oshushu
Ucingo (umzekelo, i-PEI) oluzincamathelisayo phantsi kwesenzo sobushushu
Iingcingo ezimbini
Ucingo oluzincamathelayo phantsi kwesenzo sotywala okanye ubushushu
Indlela yokubonakalisa
1. uphawu + ikhowudi
1.1 ikhowudi yothotho: ukubunjwa kwe-enameled winding: q-iphepha lokusonga ucingo olusongayo: Z
1.2 imathiriyeli yomqhubi: I-Copper Conductor: t (ishiyiwe) i-aluminium conductor: l
1.3 imathiriyeli yokugquma:
Y. I-polyamide (inayiloni esulungekileyo) e-acetal, i-acetal yobushushu obuphantsi, i-polyurethane B i-polyurethane f i-polyurethane, i-polyester h i-polyurethane, i-polyester imides, i-polyester ehlaziyiweyo kunye ne-polyamide idibanisa i-polyester edibeneyo okanye i-polyesterimide i-polyamide imide r i-polyamide i-polyimide i-C-aryl polyimide
Ipeyinti esekwe kwioyile: Y (ishiyiweyo) ipeyinti yepolyester: Z ipeyinti yepolyester elungisiweyo: Z (g) ipeyinti yeacetal: Q ipeyinti ye-polyurethane: ipeyinti yepolyamide: Ipeyinti ye-polyimide: X ipeyinti ye-epoxy: H ipeyinti ye-polyester imimide: ZY polyamide imide: XY
1.4 iimpawu zomqhubi: umgca osicaba: umgca we-b-isangqa: Y (ishiyiwe) umgca ongenanto: K
1.5 ubukhulu befilimu: umgca ongqukuva: obhityileyo Ifilimu-1 ifilimu engqindilili-2 ifilim ejiyileyo-3 umgca osicaba: iFilimu eqhelekileyo-1 ifilimu ejiyileyo-2
1.6 ibakala le-thermal libonakaliswa ngu/xxx
2. imodeli
2.1 imodeli yemveliso yomgca we-enameled ibizwa ngokudityaniswa kweleta yaseTshayina ye-pinyin kunye neenombolo zesi-Arabhu: ukubunjwa kwayo kubandakanya ezi nxalenye zilandelayo. Ezi nxalenye zingentla zidibene ngokulandelelana, okuyimodeli yemveliso yomgca wepakethi yepeyinti.
3. imodeli + inkcazo + inombolo esemgangathweni
3.1 imizekelo yokumelwa kwemveliso
A. Polyester enamelled yentsimbi ngocingo olungqukuva, ifilimu yepeyinti eshinyeneyo, ibakala lobushushu 130, idiameter yegama 1.000mm, ngokomgangatho we-gb6i09.7-90, echazwe ngolu hlobo: qz-2 / 130 1.000 gb6109.7-90
B. Iimidi zePolyester ziqatywe ngocingo olusicaba lwentsimbi, ifilimu yepeyinti eqhelekileyo, eneqondo lobushushu le-180, icala le-2.000mm, icala le-B le-6.300mm, kunye nokuphunyezwa kwe-gb/t7095.4-1995, echazwa ngolu hlobo: qzyb-1/180 2.000 x6.300 gb/t7995.4-1995
3.2 ioksijini engenasikhondo sobhedu esingqukuva
Ucingo olune-enameled
Ucingo olune-enameled
3.2.1 ikhowudi yochungechunge: ipali yobhedu ejikelezileyo yobunjineli bombane
3.2.3 ngokweempawu zikarhulumente: imo ethambileyo R, imo elukhuni y
3.2.4 ngokweempawu zokusebenza: inqanaba 1-1, inqanaba 2-2
3.2.5 imodeli yemveliso, iinkcukacha kunye nenombolo eqhelekileyo
Umzekelo: i-diameter yi-6.7mm, kunye neklasi ye-1 i-oksijeni enzima ekhululekile intonga yobhedu ejikelezileyo ibonakaliswe njenge-twy-16.7 gb3952.2-89
3.3 ucingo lobhedu olungenanto
3.3.1 ucingo olungenanto lobhedu: t
3.3.2 ngokweempawu zikarhulumente: imo ethambileyo R, imo elukhuni y
3.3.3 ngokwemilo yezinto: umgca osicaba B, umgca wesetyhula y (oshiyiweyo)
3.3.4 umzekelo: intsimbi elukhuni engqukuva ucingo olungenanto kunye nobubanzi be-3.00mm ty3.00 gb2953-89