Ucingo olufakwe enamel yeyona nto iphambili kwizixhobo zombane, izixhobo zombane kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya. Ingakumbi kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini lamandla ombane lifikelele ekukhuleni okuzinzileyo nokukhawulezileyo, kwaye uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwezixhobo zasekhaya luzise intsimi ebanzi yokusetyenziswa kocingo olufakwe enamel, kulandele iimfuno eziphezulu zocingo olufakwe enamel. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, akunakuphepheka ukulungisa ulwakhiwo lwemveliso yocingo olufakwe enamel, kwaye izinto ezikrwada (ubhedu kunye nelacquer), inkqubo efakwe enamel, izixhobo zenkqubo kunye neendlela zokufumanisa nazo zifuna uphuhliso nophando olukhawulezileyo [1].
Okwangoku, kukho abavelisi abangaphezu kwe-1000 beengcingo ezine-enamel eTshayina, kwaye amandla okuvelisa ngonyaka adlule kwiitoni ezingama-250000 ~ 300000. Kodwa ngokubanzi, imeko yeengcingo ezine-enamel zaseTshayina kukuphindaphinda okuphantsi, ngokubanzi, "imveliso ephezulu, umgangatho ophantsi, izixhobo ezibuyela umva". Kule meko, iingcingo ezine-enamel ezikumgangatho ophezulu zezixhobo zasekhaya zisafuneka zingeniswe, ingasathethwa ke ngokuthatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano lwemarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Ke ngoko, kufuneka siphinde senze imizamo yokutshintsha imeko ekhoyo, ukuze ubuchwepheshe beengcingo ezine-enamel zaseTshayina bukwazi ukuhambelana neemfuno zemarike, kwaye bukhuphisane kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe.

Uphuhliso lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo
1) Ucingo olune-enamel ye-acetal
I-Acetal enamelled wire yenye yezona ntlobo zokuqala ehlabathini. Yafakwa kwimarike yiJamani ne-United States ngo-1930. I-Soviet Union nayo yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-polyvinyl formal kunye ne-polyvinyl acetal. I-China nayo yazifunda ngempumelelo ngeminyaka yoo-1960. Nangona umgangatho wokumelana nobushushu be-enamelled wire uphantsi (105 ° C, 120 ° C), isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-oil immersed transformer ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuphezulu kwe-hydrolysis kubushushu. Olu phawu luye lwaqinisekiswa ngawo onke amazwe ehlabathini. Okwangoku, kusekho inani elincinci lemveliso eTshayina, ngakumbi i-acetal enamelled flat wire esetyenziselwa ukwenza i-transposed conductor ye-transformer enkulu [1].
2) Ucingo olune-enamel ye-polyester
Phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1950, iNtshona Jamani yaqala ukuvelisa ipeyinti ye-polyester enamel wire esekwe kwi-dimethyl terephthalate. Ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nobushushu kunye namandla oomatshini, uluhlu olubanzi lwenkqubo yokwenza ipeyinti kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, iye yaba yimveliso ephambili elawula imarike ye-enamel wire ukususela kwiminyaka yoo-1950. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokumelana nokutsha kobushushu kunye ne-hydrolysis elula phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye neemeko zokufuma okuphezulu, i-polyester enamel wire njengengubo enye ayizange iveliseke eNtshona Jamani nase-United States ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, kodwa yayisaveliswa kwaye isetyenziswa ngobuninzi eJapan, eTshayina nakuMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Izibalo ngo-1986 zibonisa ukuba imveliso ye-polyester enamel wire eTshayina ibandakanya i-96.4% yemveliso iyonke. Emva kweminyaka eli-10 yemizamo, iintlobo ze-enamel wire ziye zaphuhliswa, kodwa kukho umsantsa omkhulu xa kuthelekiswa namazwe aphuhlileyo.
Kuye kwenziwa umsebenzi omninzi ekuguqulweni kwe-polyester eTshayina, kuquka ukuguqulwa kwe-THEIC kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-imine. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokulungiswa kancinci kwesakhiwo se-enamel wire, ukuveliswa kwezi ntlobo zimbini zepeyinti kusencinci. Okwangoku, ukuhla kwe-voltage ye-enamel wire eguqulweyo kusafuna ukuqwalaselwa.
3) Ucingo olune-enamel ye-polyurethane
Ipeyinti ye-polyurethane enamelled wire yaphuhliswa yiBayer ngo-1937. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo le-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo zombane ngenxa yokukwazi kwayo ukunyibilikisa ngokuthe ngqo, ukumelana kwayo rhoqo kunye nombala. Okwangoku, amazwe angaphandle anika ingqalelo enkulu ekuphuculeni umgangatho wokumelana nobushushu we-polyurethane enamelled wire ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwayo ngokuthe ngqo kwe-welding. EYurophu, eMelika, iJapan iphuhlise i-F-class, i-H-class polyurethane enamelled wire. Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweeTV ezinemibala, i-polyurethane enamelled wire ene-pinhole enkulu engenatyuwa yeTV yombala i-FBT eyenziwe yiJapan itsale ingqalelo yawo onke amazwe ehlabathini, kwaye isephambili kuneJapan.
Uphuhliso lwentambo ye-polyurethane enamel yasekhaya lucotha. Nangona ipeyinti ye-polyurethane eqhelekileyo iveliswa ziifektri ezithile, ngenxa yokungacutshungulwa kakuhle, umgangatho womphezulu kunye nezinye iingxaki, ipeyinti ingeniswa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe. I-polyurethane yeBakala F iye yaphuhliswa eTshayina, kodwa akukho mandla emveliso enziweyo. Ipeyinti ye-polyurethane enkulu ende engenamingxunya nayo iye yaphuhliswa ngempumelelo kwaye yafakwa kwimarike, isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukwenza i-FBT coil yeTV emnyama nemhlophe.
4) Ucingo olune-enamel ye-polyesterimide
Ngenxa yokuphuculwa kokumelana nobushushu ngokuguqulwa kwe-polyesterimide, inani le-polyesterimide enamel wire ehlabathini liye landa kakhulu ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1970. EYurophu naseMelika, i-enamel wire iye yatshintsha ngokupheleleyo i-single coating polyester enamel wire. Okwangoku, iimveliso ezimeleyo kwihlabathi ziimveliso ze-terebe FH series ezivela eJamani kunye neemveliso ze-isomid series ezivela e-United States. Kwangaxeshanye, siye saphuhlisa i-direct solderable polyesterimide enamel wire, eye yasetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-winding ye-motor encinci, yenza lula inkqubo yokuwelda kwaye inciphise iindleko zokuvelisa iimoto. Amanye amaJapan asebenzisa ipeyinti ye-polyesterimide e-direct solderable njenge-primer ye-self-adhesive enamel wire ye-coil ye-TV deflection coil, eyenza lula inkqubo. Ipeyinti ye-polyesterimide yasekhaya iye yazisa itekhnoloji yokuvelisa evela eJamani nase-Itali, kwaye iye yaphuhliswa ngempumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokungazinzi kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nezinye izizathu, inani elikhulu lepeyinti ye-polyesterimide yasekhaya esetyenziswa njenge-refrigerant resistant composite enamel wire primer isaxhomekeke ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe. Zimbalwa kakhulu iintambo ezine-enamel ze-polyesterimide ezine-coating enye ezisetyenziswa kwipeyinti yasekhaya, kodwa ukungazinzi kombane kuseyingxaki yabavelisi. Ipeyinti ye-polyesterimide ethengiswa ngqo yenziwe ngempumelelo yi-Cable Research Institute.
5) Ucingo olune-enamel ye-polyimide
I-Polyimide yeyona peyinti ye-enamel enokuxhathisa ubushushu phakathi kwee-organic enamel wire okwangoku, kwaye ubushushu bayo benkonzo yexesha elide bunokufikelela ngaphezulu kwama-220 ° C. Le peyinti yaphuhliswa yi-United States ngo-1958. I-Polyimide enamel wire inokuxhathisa ubushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana kakuhle ne-solvent kunye nokuxhathisa i-refrigerant. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphezulu, ukuzinza okungalunganga kokugcinwa kunye nobuthi, ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi kuyachaphazeleka. Okwangoku, i-enamel wire isetyenziswa kwiziganeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo, njengemoto yemigodi yamalahle, isixhobo sendawo njl.njl.
6) Ipeyinti ye-polyamide imide
Ipeyinti ye-polyamide imide luhlobo lwepeyinti ye-enamel ene-enamel esebenza ngokupheleleyo, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, iimpawu zoomatshini, ukumelana ne-refrigerant kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali, ngoko ke inegama lokuba yinkosi yepeyinti ye-enamel. Okwangoku, ipeyinti isetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-topcoat ye-composite coating wire enamel ukuphucula ukumelana nobushushu kwe-composite wire kunye nokunciphisa iindleko. Okwangoku, isetyenziswa kakhulu ukugquma i-enamel wire enamel enganyangekiyo yingqele eTshayina, kwaye inani elincinci lale peyinti lenziwa eTshayina, ikakhulu lingeniswa eMelika, e-Itali naseJamani.
7) Intambo edibeneyo yokwambathisa
Umaleko wokugquma odityanisiweyo udla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuphucula umgangatho wokuxhathisa ubushushu kunye nokuphuhlisa ucingo olune-enamel oluneenjongo ezikhethekileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nocingo olune-enamel olune-coating enye, ucingo olune-enamel olune-coating enye lunezi nzuzo zilandelayo: (1) lunokuhlangabezana neemfuno zesicelo esikhethekileyo, ezifana nocingo olune-enamel oluzincamathelayo lokwakha olungenafreyimu oluyinkimbinkimbi, ucingo olune-enamel olumelana nesiqandisi sefriji kunye ne-air conditioner compressor, njl.njl., olunokufezekiswa ngesakhiwo sogquma oludityanisiweyo; (2) lunokuphucula kwaye luphucule ukusebenza kwenkonzo ngokudityaniswa kweeleya ezahlukeneyo zogquma ukuze luhlangabezane neemfuno zesicelo. Umzekelo, ucingo olune-enamel olune-polyester / nylon olune-coating composite luphucula ukusebenza kwe-thermal shock kunye nokusebenza kwe-winding, olufanele inkqubo yokuntywila eshushu, kwaye lunokusetyenziselwa ii-motor windings ezinobushushu obugqithisileyo ngoko nangoko ngenxa yokugqithiswa kakhulu; (3) lunokunciphisa iindleko zezinye ii-enamel wire, ezifana ne-polyester imide kunye ne-polyamide imide coating composite coating enameled wire ethatha indawo yocingo olune-enamel olune-coating enye, olunokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko.

ukuhlelwa
1.1 ngokwezinto zokwambathisa
1.1.1 ucingo olune-enamel ye-acetal
1.1.2 ucingo lokusonga ipeyinti yepolyester
1.1.3 ucingo olugquma nge-polyurethane
1.1.4 ucingo lokusonga ipeyinti yepolyester eguqulweyo
Ucingo olune-enamel ye-polyester ye-imimide eyi-1.1.5
1.1.6 i-polyester / i-polyamide i-imide wire enamel
1.1.7 ucingo olune-enamel ye-polyimide
1.2 ngokwenjongo yocingo olufakwe enamel
1.2.1 ucingo olune-enamel olusetyenziswa ngokubanzi (umgca oqhelekileyo): lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintambo ezijikelezayo kwiimoto eziqhelekileyo, izixhobo zombane, izixhobo, ii-transformers kunye nezinye izihlandlo zokusebenza, ezifana nocingo lokusonga ipeyinti ye-polyester kunye nomgca wokusonga ipeyinti ye-polyester eguquliweyo.
1.2.2 umgca wokugquma omelana nobushushu: iingcingo ezijijekileyo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimoto, izixhobo zombane, izixhobo, iitransformer nakwezinye iimeko zokusebenza, ezifana nocingo lokugquma lwepolyester imimide, ucingo lokugquma lwepolyimide, umgca wokugquma wepeyinti yepolyester, umgca wokugquma wepolyester imimide / polyamide imide.
1.2.3 ucingo olune-enamel olujoliswe kuyo injongo ekhethekileyo: lubhekisa kwintambo ejikelezayo eneempawu ezithile zomgangatho kwaye isetyenziswa kwiimeko ezithile, ezifana nocingo lokusonga ipeyinti ye-polyurethane (ipropati yokuwelda ngqo), ucingo lokusonga ipeyinti oluzincamathelayo.
1.3 ngokwezinto ezisetyenziswa ngumqhubi, yahlulwe yaba yintambo yobhedu, intambo yealuminiyam kunye nentambo ye-alloy.
1.4 ngokwemilo yezinto ezibonakalayo, yahlulwe yaba ngumgca ongqukuva, umgca othe tyaba kunye nomgca ongenanto.
1.5 ngokwe-insulation ubukhulu
Umgca ojikelezayo we-1.5.1: Ifilimu encinci-1, ifilimu etyebileyo-2, ifilimu etyebileyo-3 (umgangatho wesizwe).
1.5.2 umgca othe tyaba: ipeyinti eqhelekileyo Ifilimu-1, ifilimu yepeyinti etyebileyo-2.
Umgca wotywala
Ucingo (umz. isitshixo) oluzincamathelayo phantsi kwesenzo sotywala
Umzila womoya oshushu
Ucingo (umz. i-PEI) oluzincamathelayo phantsi kwesenzo sobushushu
Ucingo oluphindwe kabini
Ucingo oluzincamathelayo phantsi kwesenzo sotywala okanye ubushushu
Indlela yokumela
1. uphawu + ikhowudi
Ikhowudi yochungechunge lwe-1.1: ukwakheka kwe-enamel winding: i-q-paper wrapping wire winding: Z
1.2 izixhobo zomqhubi: Umqhubi weCopper: t (engafakwanga) umqhubi wealuminiyam: l
1.3 izixhobo zokukhusela ubushushu:
Y. I-polyamide (i-nylon ecocekileyo) i-acetal, i-polyurethane eshushu ephantsi B i-polyurethane f i-polyurethane, i-polyester h i-polyurethane, i-polyester imides, i-polyester eguquliweyo n i-polyamide imide i-composite polyester okanye i-polyesterimide i-polyamide imide r i-polyamide imide i-polyimide C-aryl i-polyimide
Ipeyinti esekwe kwioyile: Ipeyinti yepolyester engu-Y (engafakwanga): Ipeyinti yepolyester eguquliweyo engu-Z: Ipeyinti ye-acetal: Ipeyinti yepolyurethane engu-Q: ipeyinti yepolyamide: Ipeyinti yepolyimide engu-X: Ipeyinti ye-epoxy engu-Y: Ipeyinti yepolyester engu-H: Ipeyinti yepolyamide engu-ZY: Ipeyinti yepolyamide engu-XY
1.4 iimpawu zomqhubi: umgca othe tyaba: umgca wesangqa-b: Y (ongafakwanga) umgca ongenanto: K
Ubukhulu befilimu eyi-1.5: umgca ojikelezayo: obhityileyo Ifilimu-1 etyebileyo ifilimu-2 ifilimu etyebileyo-3 umgca othe tyaba: eqhelekileyo Ifilimu-1 etyebileyo ifilimu-2
I-1.6 thermal grade ibonakaliswa yi-/xxx
2. imodeli
2.1 imodeli yemveliso yomgca ofakwe enamel ibizwa ngokudityaniswa koonobumba bepinyin baseTshayina kunye namanani esiArabhu: ukwakheka kwayo kuquka la macandelo alandelayo. La macandelo angasentla adityaniswe ngokulandelelana, okuyimodeli yemveliso yomgca wephakheji yepeyinti.
3. imodeli + iinkcukacha + inombolo eqhelekileyo
3.1 imizekelo yokumelwa kwemveliso
A. Ucingo olujikelezileyo lwesinyithi olune-enamel ye-polyester, ifilimu yepeyinti etyebileyo, udidi lobushushu oluyi-130, ububanzi obuqhelekileyo obuyi-1.000mm, ngokwemigangatho ye-gb6i09.7-90, oluchazwe ngolu hlobo: qz-2 / 130 1.000 gb6109.7-90
B. Ii-imides ze-polyester zigqunywe ngocingo oluthe tyaba lwentsimbi, ifilimu yepeyinti eqhelekileyo, enomgangatho wobushushu we-180, icala a le-2.000mm, icala B le-6.300mm, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-gb/t7095.4-1995, echazwa ngolu hlobo: qzyb-1/180 2.000 x6.300 gb/t7995.4-1995
Isiqu sobhedu esingqukuva esingenaoksijini esiyi-3.2
Ucingo olufakwe enamel
Ucingo olufakwe enamel
Ikhowudi yochungechunge lwe-3.2.1: ipali yobhedu ejikelezileyo yobunjineli bombane
3.2.3 ngokweempawu zesimo: imeko ethambileyo R, imeko enzima y
3.2.4 ngokweempawu zokusebenza: inqanaba 1-1, inqanaba 2-2
3.2.5 imodeli yemveliso, iinkcukacha kunye nenombolo esemgangathweni
Umzekelo: ububanzi yi-6.7mm, kwaye intonga yobhedu ejikelezayo yeklasi yoku-1 engenaoksijini ichazwa njenge-twy-16.7 gb3952.2-89
Ucingo lobhedu olungenanto oluyi-3.3
3.3.1 ucingo lobhedu olungenanto: t
3.3.2 ngokweempawu zesimo: imeko ethambileyo R, imeko enzima y
3.3.3 ngokwemilo yezinto: umgca othe tyaba B, umgca ojikelezayo y (ongafakwanga)
Umzekelo we-3.3.4: ucingo oluqinileyo olungqukuva olungenanto olunesangqa esi-3.00mm ty3.00 gb2953-89