ISorovako, ekwisiqithi sase-Indonesia iSulawesi, yenye yezona migodi zinkulu ze-nickel emhlabeni. I-nickel yinxalenye engabonakaliyo yezinto ezininzi zemihla ngemihla: iyanyamalala kwintsimbi engagqwaliyo, izinto ezifudumezayo kwizixhobo zasekhaya kunye nee-electrode kwiibhetri. Yakhiwa kwiminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezibini eyadlulayo xa iinduli ezijikeleze iSorovako zaqala ukubonakala kwiziphene ezisebenzayo. IiLaterites - umhlaba otyebileyo kwi-iron oxide kunye ne-nickel - zenziwa ngenxa yokukhukuliseka okungapheliyo kwemvula yetropiki. Xa ndandiqhuba i-scooter ndinyuka intaba, umhlaba watshintsha umbala waba bomvu ngemigca efana ne-orenji egazini. Ndabona isityalo se-nickel ngokwaso, itshimini emdaka enothuli enobukhulu besixeko. Amatayara elori amancinci anobukhulu bemoto aqokelelene. Iindlela ezinqumla kwiinduli ezibomvu ezinde kwaye inethi ezinkulu zithintela ukudilika komhlaba. Iibhasi zenkampani yezemigodi iMercedes-Benz zithwala abasebenzi. Iflegi yenkampani iqhutywa ziilori zenkampani kunye nee-ambulensi ezingaphandle kwendlela. Umhlaba uneentaba kwaye unemingxuma, kwaye umhlaba obomvu othe tyaba ugoqwe ube yi-trapezoid ezizigzag. Le ndawo ikhuselwe ngocingo oluhlabayo, amasango, izibane zendlela kunye namapolisa eenkampani ajikeleza indawo ekufutshane neLondon ngobukhulu.
Lo mgodi uqhutywa yi-PT Vale, ephethwe ngoorhulumente base-Indonesia naseBrazil ngokuyinxenye, kwaye izabelo zibanjwe ziinkampani zaseKhanada, eJapan kunye nezinye iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe. I-Indonesia yeyona nkampani inkulu ye-nickel emhlabeni, kwaye iVale yeyona nkampani yesibini ngobukhulu ye-nickel emva kweNorilsk Nickel, inkampani yaseRashiya ephuhlisa iidiphozithi zaseSiberia. NgoMatshi, emva kokuhlasela kweRashiya e-Ukraine, amaxabiso e-nickel aphindwe kabini ngosuku kwaye urhwebo kwi-London Metal Exchange lwamiswa iveki yonke. Iziganeko ezinje zenza abantu abanjengo-Elon Musk bazibuze ukuba i-nickel yabo ivela phi. NgoMeyi, wadibana noMongameli wase-Indonesia uJoko Widodo ukuze baxoxe "ngobudlelwane" obunokwenzeka. Unomdla kuba izithuthi zombane ezihamba ixesha elide zifuna i-nickel. Ibhetri yeTesla inobunzima obumalunga nama-40 eekhilogram. Akumangalisi ukuba urhulumente wase-Indonesia unomdla kakhulu wokufudukela kwizithuthi zombane kwaye uceba ukwandisa izibonelelo zemigodi. Okwangoku, iVale iceba ukwakha izinyibilikisi ezimbini ezintsha eSorovaco kwaye iphucule enye yazo.
Ukumbiwa kweNickel eIndonesia luphuhliso olutsha. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, urhulumente wekoloniyali yaseDutch East Indies waqala ukuba nomdla “kwizinto ezikufutshane” zayo, iziqithi ngaphandle kweJava neMadura, ezaziyinxalenye enkulu yeziqithi. Ngo-1915, injineli yemigodi yaseDutch uEduard Abendanon waxela ukuba ufumene idiphozithi yeNickel eSorovako. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva, i-HR “Flat” Elves, isazinzulu sejoloji kwinkampani yaseKhanada i-Inco, wafika waza wemba umngxuma wokuvavanya. E-Ontario, i-Inco isebenzisa iNickel ukwenza iingqekembe kunye neenxalenye zezixhobo, iibhombu, iinqanawa kunye neefektri. Imizamo yama-Elves yokwandisa ukuya eSulawesi yaphazanyiswa kukuhlala kweJapan e-Indonesia ngo-1942. Kude kube kubuya i-Inco ngeminyaka yoo-1960, iNickel ayizange ichaphazeleke kakhulu.
Ngokuphumelela isivumelwano seSorovaco ngo-1968, i-Inco yayinethemba lokufumana inzuzo kwiikhontrakthi ezininzi zabasebenzi abangabizi kakhulu kunye nezivumelwano zokuthumela ngaphandle ezinenzuzo. Isicwangciso yayikukwakha umnyibilikisi, idama lokuyondla, kunye nemigodi, kunye nokuzisa abasebenzi baseKhanada ukuze bayilawule yonke loo nto. I-Inco yayifuna indawo ekhuselekileyo yabaphathi bayo, idolophu yaseMntla Melika egcinwe kakuhle ehlathini laseIndonesia. Ukuze bayakhe, baqesha amalungu entshukumo yokomoya yaseIndonesia iSubud. Inkokeli kunye nomsunguli wayo nguMuhammad Subuh, owayesebenza njengomgcini-zincwadi eJava ngeminyaka yoo-1920. Uthi ngobusuku obunye, xa wayehamba, ibhola yokukhanya ekhanyayo yawela entlokweni yakhe. Oku kwenzeka kuye rhoqo ebusuku kangangeminyaka eliqela, kwaye, ngokutsho kwakhe, kwavula "unxibelelwano phakathi kwamandla kaThixo azalise yonke indalo kunye nomphefumlo womntu." Ngeminyaka yoo-1950, wayesele efikelwe nguJohn Bennett, umhloli wamafutha e-fossil waseBritane kunye nomlandeli kaGeorge Gurdjieff oyimfihlakalo. UBennett wamema uSubuh eNgilane ngo-1957 waza wabuyela eJakarta neqela elitsha labafundi baseYurophu nabase-Australia.
Ngo-1966, le ntshukumo yadala inkampani yobunjineli engasebenziyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-International Design Consultants, eyakha izikolo nezakhiwo zeeofisi eJakarta (yayila nesicwangciso esikhulu seDarling Harbor eSydney). Ucebisa indawo yokukhupha izinto eSorovako, indawo eyahlukileyo kuma-Indonesia, kude nesiphithiphithi semigodi, kodwa elungiselelwe ngokupheleleyo ngabo. Ngo-1975, kwakhiwa uluntu olunesango elinevenkile enkulu, iinkundla zetenisi kunye neklabhu yegalufa yabasebenzi bamanye amazwe kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukusuka eSorovako. Amapolisa abucala alinda umngcelele kunye nomnyango wevenkile enkulu. I-Inco ibonelela ngombane, amanzi, ii-air conditioner, iifowuni kunye nokutya okungenisiweyo. Ngokutsho kukaKatherine May Robinson, isazi ngemvelaphi yabantu esenza umsebenzi wasentsimini apho phakathi ko-1977 no-1981, "abafazi abanxibe iibhulukhwe ezimfutshane zaseBermuda kunye neebhanisi babeqhuba ngemoto ukuya kwivenkile enkulu ukuze bathenge i-pizza eqandisiweyo baze bame ukuze batye ukutya okuncinci baze basele ikofu ngaphandle. Igumbi elinomoya opholileyo endleleni ebuyela ekhaya "liyinkohliso yanamhlanje" evela endlwini yomhlobo.
Le ndawo isagciniwe kwaye ijongiwe. Ngoku iinkokheli eziphezulu zase-Indonesia zihlala apho, kwindlu enegadi egcinwe kakuhle. Kodwa iindawo zikawonke-wonke zigcwele ukhula, isamente eqhekekileyo, kunye neendawo zokudlala ezirhabaxa. Ezinye zee-bungalows zishiywe kwaye amahlathi athathe indawo yazo. Ndaxelelwa ukuba oku kungenanto kungenxa yokufumana kukaVale i-Inco ngo-2006 kunye nokusuka emsebenzini wexesha elizeleyo ukuya kumsebenzi wekhontrakthi kunye nabasebenzi abahambahambayo. Umahluko phakathi kweendawo zokuhlala kunye neSorovako ngoku usekelwe kuphela kudidi: abaphathi bahlala kwiindawo zokuhlala, abasebenzi bahlala esixekweni.
Le ndawo yokwamkela ayifikeleleki, ineentaba ezimalunga ne-12,000 square kilometers ezijikelezwe ziingcingo. Amasango aliqela anabantu kwaye iindlela zijongiwe. Indawo enemigodi esebenzayo - phantse iikhilomitha ezingama-75 square - ibiyelwe ngocingo oluhlabayo. Ngobunye ubusuku ndandikhwele isithuthuthu sam ndinyuka intaba ndaza ndama. Andizange ndibone inqwaba yenkunkuma efihliweyo ngasemva komqolo, kodwa ndabukela iintsalela zenkunkuma, eyayisasondele kubushushu be-lava, zisihla entabeni. Kwakhanya isibane esiorenji, kwaza kwavela ilifu ebumnyameni, lasasazeka lade lavuthuzwa ngumoya. Yonke imizuzu embalwa, ukuqhuma okutsha okwenziwe ngumntu kukhanyisa isibhakabhaka.
Eyona ndlela ikuphela kwayo abantu abangengabo abasebenzi abanokungena ngayo emgodini ngokufihlakeleyo kukudlula kwiLake Matano, ngoko ke ndakhwela isikhephe. ​​Emva koko uAmos, owayehlala elunxwemeni, wandikhokela phakathi kwamasimi epepile sada safika ezantsi kwento eyayisakuba yintaba kwaye ngoku iyigobolondo elingenanto, ukungabikho. Ngamanye amaxesha ungenza uhambo oluya kwindawo endazalelwa kuyo, kwaye mhlawumbi kulapho inxalenye ye-nickel ivela khona kwizinto ezandinceda kuhambo lwam: iimoto, iinqwelomoya, ii-scooter, iilaptops, iifowuni.
Editor London Review of Books, 28 Little Russell Street London, WC1A 2HNletters@lrb.co.uk Please provide name, address and telephone number.
The Editor London Review of Books 28 Little Russell Street London, WC1A 2HN Letters@lrb.co.uk Please provide name, address and phone number
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